In recent years, China’s beer industry has developed vigorously and achieved impressive performance. However, compared with advanced countries in the world, there is still a certain gap in terms of industry grouping, large-scale factories, high-efficiency equipment, and development of craftsmanship. China has a huge population base and consumption potential. If you give full play to its late-comer advantages and seize the opportunity of the fourth technological revolution, on the basis of a large production country, it will be able to steadily build a strong beer industry.
Trend
- In 2019, the output of enterprises above designated size (according to China’s classification, business income of 20 million yuan is a large-scale enterprise), the output is about 46 million tons, the sales revenue is about 180 billion yuan, and the profit is about 13 billion.
2. However, 40 years ago, equipment manufacturing capacity was almost blank, and there were only a handful of companies in the industry. Starting from the simplest parts such as surveying and mapping, imitation bushings, cushion strips, assembling components, and then assembling simple equipment, it has developed to the independent research and development and manufacturing of almost the entire industry chain. These two technical shortcomings, high-speed filling and online inspection, have obviously been made up in the past few years. A batch of outstanding enterprises was born and risen, some of them reached hundreds of people and sales revenue of hundreds of millions of yuan, and the largest ones have been listed and achieved sales revenue of 1 billion yuan. Major global companies such as Krones, KHS, Sidel, and Sacmi have basically set up equipment production plants in China or independently or in joint ventures, engaged in repair and repair services, component assembly, and production of some types of complete machines. Business volume.
While achieving great results, we must also realize that the quality of basic parts such as valves, sensors, and electrical components is not as good as foreign brands. Innovative ability and comprehensive strength are still far behind the world’s top companies such as Krones and KHS.
3. While the equipment manufacturing capacity is advancing by leaps and bounds, the trend of industrial clusters is obvious. Chains and chain plates in Jixi, Anhui, plastic accessories in Jingxian, Hebei, Dezhou, Shandong, filter equipment and filter materials in Hangzhou, pumps, valves, pipes, and pipe fittings in Wenzhou, saccharification, fermentation and crafting equipment in Xiangshan, Zhejiang and Jinan, Shandong, Filling equipment and accessories in Nanjing, Guangzhou, and Zhangjiagang account for a large proportion. Obvious industrial clusters have been formed in these areas, with more than a dozen or dozens of related companies gathering, and the synergy effect is obvious.
4. In 1995, the China International Wine and Beverage Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Exhibition (CB) came into being in Beijing with 120 exhibitors and an area of 6,000 square meters. China has a professional beer equipment and technology exhibition and a large-scale international exchange platform. Since then, technological progress has accelerated significantly. The exhibition is held every two years, and the exhibition area is growing at a rate of nearly 10,000 square meters per session, and the number of exhibitors, the number of visitors and other indicators also increase simultaneously. The gap with drinktec, a major exhibition in Munich, is getting smaller and smaller.
5. Association institutes. Beer Branch of China Liquor Industry Association, Beer Professional Committee of China Food Industry Association, School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, and Sino-German Beer Technology Center of Shandong Qilu University of Industry. Hubei Institute of Light Industry and Technology, Sino-German Beer College, National Institute of Food and Fermentation Industry, Chinese Academy of Metrology, Beijing Institute of Light Industry Design Statistics, forums, seminars, training settings. A lot of fruitful work has been done for awards and exchanges.
6. Magazines such as “Alcohol. Beverage Technology and Equipment”, “Beer Technology”, “China Beer”, “Beer Today” and “Beer Brewing” have been praised by the industry for years of in-depth analysis and cutting-edge technology, and promote the progress and Technical exchanges have made contributions.
7. In recent years, the construction of raw material bases such as barley and hops in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and other places has achieved remarkable results. But in terms of scale and efficiency, we still need to learn from the United States.
8. Western countries, such as Europe, America and Japan, have already saturated their markets, so a lot of energy has been focused on reducing energy consumption and reducing emissions due to high environmental protection requirements. Some large-scale factories built at a high starting point in China can reach the international advanced level, but for most
9. The current production of pure raw, dark beer, white beer, non-alcoholic, wheat, IPA, smoke, ice beer and other categories, the technology is basically imported from abroad. Companies have also developed flavors such as ginseng, bitter gourd, rose, and lychee, but the output is small. Innovation
10. Beer festivals in Qingdao, Yanjing, Dalian, Harbin, Xi’an, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Shenyang have boosted economic development and enriched the lives of the people. But compared to the three major international beer festivals in Munich, Germany, Denver, and London, UK, from scale to
11. Europe is the birthplace of modern beer, with a profound beer culture. Because of the large number of European immigrants from the United Kingdom and Germany in the early days, the beer culture has been better inherited in the United States. This aspect is China’s shortcomings. Now large groups have reached a consensus and need to build
12. Tsingtao Brewery, Zhuhai Brewery, Harbin Brewery and other companies draw on the experience of the Dutch Heineken Beer Museum and use the old factory to build a beer museum to integrate knowledge, fun, tasting, and purchase.
The process of the US industry’s high degree of grouping has ended, but its global enlarged version is being staged around the world. With the in-depth development of economic globalization, countless industry mergers and acquisitions have occurred all over the world. The global development history of the entire beer industry is like countless creeks, constantly changing, evaporating, and converging through various terrains. Eventually, they merged into several broad rivers and slowly merged into the vast ocean of economic globalization.
Structural Adjustment
In recent years, China has almost repeated the American process. Around 1996, the first few major companies reached output of two to three million tons, forming a national brand. Among the more than 800 small factories at that time, China Resources Wells purchased Dalian Bohai Brewery, Qingpinjing, Yangzhou Brewery, Yanjing, and China-Germany Brewery, and Interbrew, Belgium. Purchased Nanjing Jinling Brewery. These five mergers and acquisitions marked the opening of the mergers and acquisitions in the Chinese beer industry and the start of the process of grouping. At this time, it was exactly half a century behind the United States.
With Harbin Harbin Beer, Shenzhen Kingway, Sichuan Blue Sword, Gansu Huanghe, Jiangsu Giant Rich, Xinjiang Wusu and other enterprise groups have been merged. At the same time as grouping, a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises were eliminated. A large number of factories were rebuilt and expanded. A large number of factories relocated from urban areas to suburban industrial parks, all with a scale of more than 200,000 tons.
China Resources Snow Group was established in 1994. Headquartered in Beijing. At present, the turnover is nearly 30 billion yuan. More than 90 factories have completed an output of 12 million tons, accounting for 26% of the Chinese beer market.
Tsingtao Brewery was founded in 1903 by British and Germans. The current turnover is more than 26 billion yuan and the net profit is nearly 1.3 billion. More than 70 factories completed 7 million tons. Shandong, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Shanghai and other places are advantageous regions.
Yenching is headquartered in Beijing. At present, more than 40 factories have completed 5 million tons, with sales revenue of nearly 20 billion yuan and total profits and taxes of 4 billion yuan. Side by side with international giants with a history of more than 100 years, even two to three centuries, it has become the world’s top giant enterprise group. Beijing, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia and other places are advantageous regions.
Anheuser-Busch InBev (China) is headquartered in Shanghai. At present, more than 40 factories under the group have completed more than 4 million tons of output. Heilongjiang, Hubei, Fujian, Zhejiang and other places are advantageous regions.
Carlsberg (China) is headquartered in Guangzhou, with more than 20 factories and more than 2 million tons. In recent years, it has acquired Chongqing Beer Group, Yellow River Beer Group and Wusu Beer Group. Yunnan, Chongqing, Xinjiang, Gansu and other places are the dominant regions.
Venus Beer Group is headquartered in Zhengzhou, Henan, with 16 factories producing 800,000 tons. Henan is the dominant area.
Some small, scattered, and chaotic industries are gradually concentrated in large factories with concentrated populations, abundant water sources and convenient transportation under the unified management of large groups. Make overall arrangements for production planning, technology, procurement, pricing, market division, brand image, talent training, capital, etc., and ultimately reduce operating costs and benefit consumers.
Outlook
At present, China’s per capita annual consumption is 33 liters, which is only slightly higher than the global average, and there is still room for growth. In 20 years, China’s population will reach and stabilize at least 1.5 billion. Correspondingly, production will be stabilized at at least 60 million tons, about three times that of the United States. For a foreseeable long period of time, China will be the largest country in beer production. Twenty years later, according to the most optimistic estimate, craft brewing can account for 15% of the total output, which is about 10 million tons. According to an estimate for every 150,000 people-households, there will be 10,000 homes all over China. An average of 1,000 tons per household, a few large ones can reach tens of thousands of tons, and small ones are only a few hundred tons, or even one or two hundred tons.
The mainstream flavors of several major groups in China are all German. At present, Anheuser-Busch InBev originated in Belgium, Heineken originated in the Netherlands, and Carlsberg originated in Denmark. Germany has not developed a large group, and under the impact of international giants, a large number of small factories have closed down. Moreover, the top dozens of larger companies such as Baker and Bitburg have been acquired by international beer groups. Therefore, China should accelerate the promotion of groupization.
Twenty years later, the process of groupization of the Chinese industry is over, and the output of 50 million tons will be completed by three large groups. In the next step, small and medium-sized production plants with unfavorable operations and locations will be closed in large numbers. The scale of the main factory will be significantly expanded. –Within a certain range, only one large-scale factory can win. The most brutal stage of competition is coming. China’s development is uneven, with 95% of the population living in the central and eastern regions. At most 20 giant factories can completely cover this half of the country.
Twenty years later, based on the current major factories of large groups, these 20 giant factories will all be formed, with an average output of 2.5 million tons. The main industry pattern is finalized. By then, the world’s giant factories with more than 2 million tons will all appear in China, except for three or two each in North America and Europe. Super giant factories of more than 3 million tons will even appear near Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.
The equipment configuration must be forward-looking. According to years of experience, 100 tons of saccharification equipment should be selected. Too large will increase the difficulty of control such as filtering. Fermentation equipment is about 600 tons, too large is not conducive to temperature control. Easy-to-carry cans are a development trend, and high-speed lines of 120,000 yuan should be given priority. The glass bottle line should be considered 60,000, or two or even three in parallel. A large number of laser-guided unmanned transport vehicles and automatic three-dimensional libraries should be used in large quantities. There are many solar photovoltaic panels on the roof.
Twenty years later, the highly conglomerate process of the Chinese industry has ended, huge factories and impressive manufacturing capabilities have been formed, and fine breweries have blossomed.
